Pinna

Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Pinna shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Pinna offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Pinna at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Pinna? Wrong! If the Pinna is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Pinna then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Pinna? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Pinna and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Pinna wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Pinna then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Pinna site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Pinna, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Pinna, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox Anatomy | Name = {{PAGENAME--> | Latin = auricula | GraySubject = 229 | GrayPage = 1034 | Image = Gray904.png | Caption = The [auricula. Lateral surface. | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Precursor = | System = | Artery = [Posterior auricular artery, [Anterior auricular branches of superficial temporal artery | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = | MeshName = | MeshNumber = | DorlandsPre = a_73 | DorlandsSuf = 12169627 | -->The pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head (this may also be referred to as the auricle or auricula).

Purpose The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech.

Amplification Amplification of sound by the pinna, tympanic membrane and middle ear cause an increase in level of about 10 to 15 dB in a frequency range of 1.5 kHz to 7 kHz. This amplification is an important factor in inner ear Physical trauma resultingfrom noise health effects.

Pinna Notch The pinna works differently for low and high frequency sounds. For low frequencies, it behaves similarly to a reflector dish, directing sounds toward the ear canal. For high frequencies, however, its value is more sophisticatedly reckoned. While some of the sounds that enter the ear travel directly to the canal, others reflect off the contours of the pinna first: these enter the ear canal at a very slight delay. Such a delay translates into phase cancellation, where the frequency component whose wave period is twice the delay period is virtually eliminated. Neighboring frequencies are dropped significantly. This is known as the pinna notch, where the pinna creates a notch filtering effect.

Anatomy The diagram shows the shape and location of these components:

Anthelix (antihelix) forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are:

Superior crux (to the left of the fossa triangularis in the diagram)
Inferior crux (to the right of the fossa triangularis in the diagram)

Antitragus is below the tragus
Auricular sulcus (anatomy) is the depression behind the ear next to the head
Concha is the hollow next to the ear canal
Conchal angle is the angle that the back of the concha makes with the side of the head
Crus of the helix is just above the tragus
Cymba conchae is the narrowest end of the concha
External auditory meatus is the opening to the ear canal
Fossa triangularis is the depression in the fork of the anthelix
Helix is the folded over outside edge of the ear
Incisura anterior (auris) is between the tragus and the antitragus
Earlobe (lobule) - attached or free according to a classic single-gene dominance relationship
Scapha
Tragus (ear)

Abnormalities There are various visible ear abnormalities:

Bat ear (also known as wingnut ear) — an ear that sticks out or protrudes
Cryptotia (hidden ear) — upper auricular sulcus not visible
Cup deformity — helical rim is compressed
Darwinian tubercle (auricular tubercle) — a projection from the helical rim
Lop ear — the top of the helical rim folded over
Macrotia (also known as big ears, or hypertrophy of the ears)
Preauricular pits (small holes usually visible from birth at the front of the ears where the pinna joins the head)
Preauricular tags (small pieces of skin at the front of the ears where the pinna joins the head)
Rim kinks — a kink of the helical rim
Stahl’s bar (also known as Spock ear) — third crus (in between the superior crux and inferior crux) making the top of the ear pointed
Zaheer's ear — having a deformed anti-tragus, which appears as a bump, as opposed to a protrusion, which would normally allow the snug insertion of earbud headphones